organizational behaviour - 1261 Words

Spring 2014 Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change and development; and career management. Analysis of organizational behavior problems by self assessments, case studies and†¦show more content†¦Read Chapter 2. Feb. 11 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction: the relationship between attitudes and behavior; job satisfaction and how we can measure it; the main causes of job satisfaction; employee responses to dissatisfaction. Read Chapter 3. Feb. 18 Emotions and Moods: differentiating emotions from moods; the sources of emotions and moods; the evidence for and against emotional intelligence; exploring the experience, interpretation and expression of emotions across cultures. Read Chapter 4. Read â€Å"Case Incident 1† on page 124 and answer questions 1- 4. Be prepared to discuss this case and submit your answers in class. Feb. 25 Unit test on Chapters 1 through 4 Personality and Values: defining and measuring personality; the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality framework and its strengths and weaknesses; the Big Five personality model; comparing generational differences in values and their roles in today’s workforce; Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture. Read Chapter 5 March 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making: defining perception; the shortcutsShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1455 Words   |  6 PagesIf you were CEO what would you change and why - provide your recommendation with a Before and After Organizational chart. - If you are not working at this time - use a past employer. Ans 1. Table of Content * Introduction * Discussion * Complete assessment of the company I work for – M. Muhammad Shafi amp; Co. * What would I change as the CEO and why * Organizational Charts, Before and After. * Bibliography Introduction Change is very important for any organizationRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesconfusion, also goes under several different names, some of which you will encounter when reading texts on the subject. The two main areas are generally called Human Resource Management (HRM) and Organisational Behaviour (OB), but the field is also sometimes called Organisational Analysis (OA), Behaviour in Organisations (BinO), Organisation Studies (OS), and a host of other names, including the practitioner area called Organisational Development (OD). There are, in fact, subtle nuances and variations inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Issues1427 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Report- Organizational Behavior â€Å"Issues in Organizational Behaviour based on own experiences† Student No. Structure: 1. Introduction 2. Main Body and Recommendations 3. Conclusion 4. References What is Organizational Behaviour? Organizational Behaviour is nothing else than developing our understanding and development of people skills. A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behaviour, interpersonal process and organizational dynamics. DifferentRead MoreEssay about Organizational Behaviour1051 Words   |  5 Pagescom My essay will introduce the culture and organizational strategies of Amazon.com. I focus on the evolution of Amazon.com, the organization culture with the Scheins three levels of culture, the truth of working on Amazon, why is amazon so successful on the basis of organizational strategies and how to improve in the original basis. Organizational culture could be the core of the company and exists from the start of Amazon.com. Organizational culture is the shared values, beliefs, and normsRead MoreThe Development Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour3154 Words   |  13 Pages2001). Out of this comes the development of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). OCB represents â€Å"individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognised by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization† (Organ 1988, p. 4). The study of OCB has become increasingly important as the prevalence, importance, and costs of counterproductive, or deviant, behaviour in the workplace have been increasingly recognisedRead MoreRoot Metaphors as an Aid to Understanding Organizational Behaviour3097 Words   |  13 PagesRobert Allen 11500024 Root metaphors as an aid to understanding organizational behaviour and their relevance to organizations in a knowledge based economy. Introduction The use of root metaphors to provide insight into organizations seems to be seen as a useful if limited way of understanding their complex natures (Morgan, 1997) (Andriesson, 2008), which may have been more suited to the industrial age. The rise of the Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) and post-industrial organizations pose furtherRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour And Communication Issues Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION In this case-study for Electra Products’, I will be addressing relevant, organisational behaviour and communication issues that must be addressed in order to â€Å"revive the failing company† (Samson, 2012). Specific recommendations will be offered to further assist in focusing on the key outlined issues and what actions would be most appropriate to take from this point. Throughout the report, it is clear the attitudes of staff are becoming unfavourable and has resulted in a lack ofRead MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿What is organizational citizenship? Explain the links between the various types of organizational citizenship behaviors and job-related outcomes. In what ways does organizational citizenship affect organizational performance? Illustrate with examples where appropriate. Organizational Citizenship Organizational citizenship is an organizational success that consists of supports from the volunteers of individuals and behavior (Business Dictionary 2013). Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB)Read MoreIndividual Analysis Paper on Organizational Behaviour2511 Words   |  11 Pagesto creating and expanding opportunities for children and adults with disabilities. This is demonstrated by their agencies contribution to the realization of an individual’s choice of caregivers, support, housing, and employment opportunities. Organizational Design/Culture: 1. How is it structured as regard to organization? 2. What is the culture of the organization? The very nature of the field of industry requires one to be very flexible and be willing to quickly adapt to the non-ending

Swot Analysis Fed Ex Indianapolis Hub 2012 Free Essays

Marketing Strategy Falls School of Business – MBA program Dr. Michael D. Wiese – Fishers Campus Proposal to Management of Market Audit – SWOT / Environmental Analysis By: Jeffrey K. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis Fed Ex Indianapolis Hub 2012 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lockhart October 02, 2012 To: Another open letter to the management of Federal Express Corporation (FedEx Corp): Ladies and Gentlemen, I am currently involved in an MBA marketing class at the Falls School of Business – Anderson University. I have been asked, as part of a marketing audit, to assist in building a marketing plan that analyzes a portion of the â€Å"Situation Analysis† of such plan, for a particular Strategic Business Unit (SBU), or actual work unit, at my place of employment. The process for building a marketing plan starts with a detailed situation analysis of the market and business. The primary purpose of a situation analysis is to uncover key performance issues that usually go unnoticed in day-to-day business operations. The output of the situation analysis is used to build the marketing strategy. To accomplish this I will discuss the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) / Environmental Analysis, with respect to current market forces, the business’s competitive position, and its current performance for the identified SBU described below. I will do this by listing the internal strengths and weaknesses that impact the SBU’s ability to serve FedEx customers, constituency; as well, as directly meet the FedEx mission. Also, I will list some of the external/environmental factors that are impacting/shaping the ability of the unit to serve its customers, constituency; as well, as meet the FedEx mission. Finally, as part of the SWOT I will discuss the opportunities and threats that as managers you should be aware of; and for which you will want to manage. Identification of the Specific Business Unit (SBU): FedEx Express – Indianapolis Hub – Sec. 9 – Dallas / Ft. Worth ramp (DFW) SWOT Analysis: FedEx Express – Indianapolis Hub – Sec. 9 – Dallas / Ft. Worth ramp (DFW) Internal Strengths:| Internal Weaknesses:| Recognized as Industry Global Market Leader/ largest transportation company; providing fast reliable service for more than 3. million package shipments each business day; 10m + each day from the DFW ramp alone. (I)| Limited freight volume handling ability; with the DFW SBU only having 35 employees; and 16 slides, and four hours in which to perform each night’s sort. (I)| Leading-edge information and engineering technology (the Matrix). Current package tracking system is state of the art. This provides tremendous advantage for the v arious ramps in the Indy hub. (I)| Reliability on other areas of the hub to perform their job in a satisfactory manner. Non-con drivers making timely deliveries of freight to the sort process. (I)| Worlds largest privately owned Fleet of cargo airplanes (660 jets). There are currently 90 gates for planes coming in and out of the Indy hub; DFW manages 2 of them each sort. (I)| Late in-bound planes can cause the entire sort to be delayed; resulting in late out-bound flights to the freights final destination. (I)| Boeing 777’s now fly into the Indy hub; lowering emissions, with less fuel consumption, this aircraft reduces the environmental and also noise impact of entire operations. I)| Costs and frequency of asset replacement / investment is very expensive. Keeping a fleet of 660 aircraft maintained; as well, the constant new purchase of aircraft is a drain on company capital. (I)| Indianapolis is the second largest distribution hub in the company; only behind home-base Memphis, TN. (I)| Plane â€Å"strikes† by tug drivers can be very costly incidences for the company. The DFW ramp had no aircraft strikes by its drivers during 2011; and none year to date 2012. (I)| FedEx Invented Express distribution. The Indy hub continues to grow due to this attribute of FedEx. I)| The cost in penalties for not meeting required express shipping deadlines for each package can add up to a significant total annual dollar cost. (I)| Providing rapid, reliable, time-definite delivery to more than 220 countries and territories; the DFW ramp participates in this. (I)| | Customer Service is provided by significant training of each DFW ramp worker in the correct processing/application of their job. (I)| | Below is a list of â€Å"External Environmental Factors† affecting the FedEx marketing strategy include both those that would be considered strengths; as well as those considered to affect the company in a negative manner. External Environmental Factors – Strengths:| External Environmental Factors – Weaknesses:| FedEx has contracted long-term with the US Postal Service to deliver all of its Global Express Guaranteed international shipping freight. It features 1-3 business days to more than 190 countries (Money-back guarantee). (E)| Business is subject to major economic downturns. In the 2000 downturn many companies looking for a way to save money stopped shipping, or moved to cheaper methods such as surface shipping. This resulted in reduced routes and limited lay-offs. E)| FedEx now connects markets that comprise more than 90% of the world’s gross domestic product within one to three business days. (E)| A recent survey found that 84% of â€Å"satisfied† customers will â€Å"jump ship† for a better deal if the opportunity arises. With the marketplace becoming increasingly commoditized, customer retention has become a critical part of business strategy. (E)| FedEx meas ures customer service and loyalty via two separate indexes; a 1% increase in the Loyalty Index has been found to be worth approximately $100mm of additional annual business. E)| Inclement weather is definitely a negative environmental factor that can affect timely delivery of FedEx express delivery. Winter snows and summer thunder storms definitely present challenges to the various FedEx markets. | FedEx Express is named among the top five of the â€Å"World’s Best Multinational Workplaces† by Great Places to Work Institute. (E)| The TSA adopted new rules enhancing many of the security requirements for air cargo on both passenger and all-cargo aircraft. It is reasonably possible that these new rules, or other future security requirements for air cargo carriers, could impose material costs on FedEx. FedEx Express is named Super Eco-Airline of the Year 2012 by Air Transport World. (E)| The FAA’s regulatory authority relates primarily to operational aspects of air transportation, including aircraft standards; as well, personnel and ground facilities, which may from time to time affect the ability of FedEx to operate its aircraft in the most efficient manner. | FedEx Corp ranks ninth in the business Super-brands list and is the only company representing the transportation industry in the top 20, making it a leader in its field. E)| FedEx Express participates in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (â€Å"CRAF†) program. Under this program, the U. S. Department of Defense may requisition for military use certain of FedEx Express’s wide-bodied aircraft in the event of a declared need, including a national emergency. | Opportunities and Threats are part of the SWOT analysis that must be examined by managers involved in the development of a marketing plan/strategy include the following.. Opportunities| Threats| The DFW ramp has the opportunity to grow its portion of the Indy hub market share if its manpower is increased. It is only limited by itself. If the volume will support more staff it will be allowed. | Personal injuries in the workplace can affect the DFW ramp’s overall performance ratings. Thus, limiting the advancement of its managers. | The DFW ramp can control its freight misflows by continuing the training of its personnel. This will result in improved performance ratings for the ramp and additional opportunities for its managers. | Conflicts between personnel can negatively affect, and ultimately change the â€Å"mojo† of the ramp’s team performance. Teamwork is a very important attribute, necessary for the ramp to meet its volumes and timelines. | The DFW ramp has the opportunity every night to help solidify the loyalty of 10m customers to FedEx. | If it does not do its job correctly the DFW ramp has the opportunity to give 10m customers a reason to use UPS for their next shipment of freight. | Each DFW ramp staff has the opportunity to quash the various FedEx competitors by performing their job with excellence. | Unionization is always a potential threat to the current positive work environment. This would not be a good thing for the company. | By doing their job correctly, identifying suspicious packages each of the DFW ramp staff has the opportunity to act in place of a DEA or BATF agent. | Drugs trafficking and potential terrorism are definite threats to FedEx with each sort that takes place. | Theft prevention can enhance FedEx’s reputation in the market place. Each DFW ramp staff has the opportunity to act as eyes and ears against theft of freight being shipped through their area. | Individual theft of various pieces of freight can hurt FedEx’s reputation in the market place. | How to cite Swot Analysis Fed Ex Indianapolis Hub 2012, Papers

Management Accounting Over or Under Application

Question: Discuss how overheads can be over  or under applied and how the company should deal with the over  or under application ? Answer: Overhead is a term in accounting which deals with the various ongoing business expenses excluding all the others related to direct labor or the raw materials involved and the expenses that are billed to the customers by a third party. Irrespective of the fact that whether a company is doing well or not, the management needs to ensure that it is paying the overhead in order to keep the business running. Taking the overhead into consideration is not only required for creating an appropriate budget for the company but at the same time it also aids the company in understanding the amount it needs to charge in order to cater the products and services offered by it (Droms Wright, 2010). The overheads can be variable and thus increase or decrease on the basis of the activity level of the business organization. The over applied overhead or under applied manufacturing overhead can be defined as the difference that exists between the applied overhead cost of manufacturing for a particular spa n of time and the actual overhead cost manufacturing incurred by the company during that period of time. In the case when the applied cost of overhead is of a greater amount than the manufacturing overhead, it is defined as over applied manufacturing overhead. And when the applied overhead is below the actual overhead it is known as the under applied manufacturing overhead (Maher, Stickney, Weil, 2012). The management calculates the applied overhead on the basis of a predetermined overhead rate and thus there is the occurrence of over and under applied overhead is very much normal in the industry of manufacturing. Along with this there are many other factors for which cases of over and under applied overheads occur in the manufacturing business. A worker is paid a sum of money per hour to give an expected output. If the worker delivers more output then the company will face over applied overhead and if the worker is not able to deliver the expected output then it would result in an under applied overhead. In order to stop the occurrence of over or under application of overheads, the management of the organization needs to conduct thorough research about the needs, requirements, potential of the organization (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2012). It is only through the gathering of the accurate and specific information via detailed research work that the management can ensure that over and under applied overheads do not take place. References Droms, W. Wright, J. (2010).Finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers. New York: Basic Books. Maher, M., Stickney, C., Weil, R. (2012).Managerial accounting. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage learning. Weygandt, J., Kimmel, P., Kieso, D. (2012).Accounting principles. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Life Or Death Who Has The Right To Make The Choice Essays

Life or Death Who has the Right to Make the Choice This paper will introduce a case study that results in an ethical dilemma. The ethical dilemma will be clearly stated including obligations and conflicts. Using the Contemporary Utilitarianism theory I will analyze the ethical dilemma. Finally I will analyze the same case using an Egoistic approach as an alternative course of action. Case Study An apparent 19 year old male is brought to the emergency room by ambulance in respiratory failure related to end stage cystic fibrosis. The patient is accompanied by his girlfriend who states that the patient has a do not resuscitate (DNR) order. As the emergency room physician tries to contact the patients primary care physician he finds that the patient is under the care of a pediatrician which makes him suspicious of the DNR request. He confronts the girlfriend about the patients age because the patient is unable to communicate due to his respiratory condition. The girlfriend breaks down and admits that the patient is actually 17 years old. The physician immediately intubates the patient in an effort to stabilize his respiratory condition. The patients respiratory condition is stabilized after a short time and he is extubated. The patient relates to his nurse that he does not want to be intubated again or placed on a respirator. The nurse relays this information to the ph! ysician who at this point does nothing. The patients mother arrives at the emergency department and the physician explains the patients condition and his request for a DNR order. His mother refuses to sign a DNR order and this information is explained to the patient by the physician with the mother present. A discussion insues between the mother and her son and she reluctantly agrees to sign the DNR order. The physician is informed of her decision and assists the mother in signing the appropriate paperwork. The patient soon confronts the physician and makes him promise to stick to the DNR order no matter what his condition, the physician agrees. Shortly after the DNR is completed and all other appropriate paperwork are in order, the patient goes into respiratory arrest. All the parties involved in this situation are present when the respiratory arrest occurs. The physician stands by will all intentions of honoring the DNR but within 30 seconds of the arrest, the mother orders the physician to intubate. The physician looks to the patient as he shakes his head indicating that he does not want to be intubated, the physician also is aware that the patient will be 18 years old in three weeks. Ethical Dilemma Initially it appears as if the dilemma revolves around what the physicians next move should be. When actually the real dilemma is who owns the rights to make this life or death decision. It is clear what the patient wants for his course of treatment. It is equally clear what his mother will allow his treatment to be. Each have equally selfish reasons for wanting their decision to be upheld. The mother does not want to lose her son and will at all costs keep him alive. She feels he is romanticizing death and has no real concept of what dying means. Her son lived with cystic fibrosis since age four and has seen many of his friends placed on ventilators only to later die. He does not want that quality of life in his final days. The physician is supportive of the patients request but is placed in an awkward legal position if he abides by the patients request. The nurse who has acted as an intermediary throughout this entire process continues to acts as a patient advocate an ensur! e the patients rights are observed and that his wishes are acknowledged. Ethical Analysis of Dilemma Contemporary Utilitarianism is divided in to four basic principles, each principle will be used to analyze this dilemma. The first principle considers which action will provide the greatest happiness for the greatest number. As we look at the action in this case the patient should not be allowed to discontinue treatment because his mother and girlfriend do not wish fort him dye. This action does not provide the greatest good and it appears that the

Cathy Songs Biography and Poems

Cathy Songs Biography and Poems Cathy Song is one of the most popular poets whose works have been highly recognized in academic circles, and many people still enjoy reading her literary works even today. In 1955 she was born at a place called Honolulu in Hawai’i. â€Å"She later went for her studies at Wellesley College in America where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1977† (Nina, 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cathy Songs Biography and Poems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She also did a Masters degree at Boston University and graduated in 1981. She started developing her skills in poetry while in high school and she continued writing even in college. Her literature works came to the limelight in 1983 when she wrote a poem called â€Å"picture Bride† (Nina, 1999). â€Å"This poem became the best during that year, and she won the Yale series of Younger Poets competition that was indeed a very prestigio us national poetry award† (Song, 1983). Most of her poems majorly revolve around multicultural and family issues. She used her poetic skills to express her passionate feelings of multiculturalism. For example, she was originally an Asian but she embraced western culture when she went to America. She was one of the poets who extensively participated in Asian American poetry, which is one of the schools of thought used in writing poems in U.S.A. Most of the poets who subscribe to this school of thought majorly examine the idea of cultural diversity. Another characteristic of this school of thought is that it widely recognizes the importance of involving women in writing poems as can be seen in the case of Cathy Song. Her works acted as a great source of inspiration to not only American women, but also to other poets who were not Asians. â€Å"Asian Americans generally have resisted the common stereotypes as the exotic or good minority, but they have made a comparison between As ian and Western literary traditions† (Song, Cloud moving hands (pitt poetry series), 2007). One of Cathy’s most striking poems is called â€Å"Picture Bride† and it can be analyzed as follows. Picture bride is a free verse poem which has a total of thirty four lines. The title of this poem may signify â€Å"the vision of a stereotypically picture-perfect bride decked out with veil, lace, and train† (Song, Cloud moving hands (pitt poetry series), 2007). However, its title is talking about the matching practice which is associated with many Asians. In this poem, the persona is trying to figure out how her grandmother felt at the age of twenty three years, when she travelled to Hawaii and got married to a laborer who was thirteen years older than her. Most of the lines in this poem contain questions which are meant to create the travelling scene. The poet also used a lot of images to develop the rhythm in her poem hence it can be easily recited. Some styles h ave also been used in the poem to enhance the theme (Song, 1983).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though Cathy Song emerged as a great poet, her works have met some criticism from some scholars who contend that she over emphasized on familial images. For example, â€Å"Gayle K. Fujita-Sato has argued that Picture Bride describes both a personal history and a paradigm for analyzing multicultural writing† (Song, Cloud moving hands (pitt poetry series), 2007). Hence, Picture Bride has been seen to be describing a â€Å"third world paradigm† of writing. In addition to this, Richard Hugo also questioned Cathy’s level of restraint in poetry. Nonetheless, Cathy Song made a great contribution to Asian American poetry and she has left a great legacy of poets (Song, 1983). References Nina, B. (1999). Norton anthology of American literature. New York : Norton and Company. Song, C. (2007). Cloud moving hands (pitt poetry series). Washington. D.C: University of Pittsburgh Press. Song, C. (1983). Picture bride ( Yale series if young star poets). New York: Yale University Press.

Timeline of Important Dates in Microsoft History

Timeline of Important Dates in Microsoft History This timeline of Microsoft history accompanies our main article Microsoft - Profile of a Computing Giant. 1975 Microsoft foundedJanuary 1, 1979 Microsoft moves from Albuquerque, New Mexico to Bellevue, WashingtonJune 25, 1981 Microsoft incorporatesAugust 12, 1981 IBM introduces its personal computer with Microsofts 16-bit operating system, MS-DOS 1.0 November, 1983 Microsoft Windows announcedNovenber, 1985 Microsoft Windows version 1.0 releasedFebruary 26, 1986 Microsoft moves to corporate campus in Redmond, WashingtonMarch 13, 1986 Microsoft stock goes publicApril, 1987 Microsoft Windows version 2.0 releasedAugust 1, 1989 Microsoft introduces earliest version of Office suite of productivity applicationsMay 22, 1990 Microsoft launches Windows 3.0 August 24, 1995 Microsoft launches Windows 95December 7, 1995 Internet by launching internet explorer a web browser.June 25, 1998 Microsoft launches Windows 98Jan. 13, 2000 Steve Ballmer named president and chief executive officer for MicrosoftFeb. 17, 2000 Microsoft launches Windows 2000 June 22, 2000 Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer outline Micros ofts .NET strategy for Web services May 31, 2001 Microsoft launches Office XPOct. 25, 2001 Microsoft launches Windows XPNov. 15, 2001 Microsoft launches XboxNov. 7, 2002 Microsoft and partners launch Tablet PCApril 24, 2003 Microsoft launches Windows Server 2003Oct. 21, 2003 Microsoft launches Microsoft Office SystemNov. 22, 2005 Microsoft launches Xbox 360Jan. 30, 2007 Microsoft launches Windows Vista and the 2007 Microsoft Office System to consumers worldwideFeb. 27, 2008 Microsoft launches Windows Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 and Visual Studio 2008June 27, 2008 Bill Gates transitions from his day-to-day role at Microsoft to spend more time on his work at The Bill Melinda Gates FoundationJune 3, 2009 Microsoft launches Bing search engineOct. 22, 2009 Microsoft launches Windows 7June 15, 2010 Microsoft launches general availability of Office 2010Nov. 4, 2010 Microsoft launches Kinect for Xbox 360Nov. 10, 2010 Microsoft launches Windows Phone 7Nov. 17, 2010 Microsoft announces availability of Microsoft LyncJune 28, 20 11 Microsoft launches Office 365

Using the DIKW Continuum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Using the DIKW Continuum - Essay Example By properly changing the collected data into useable information, nurses are able to meet the unique needs of the patients in different care settings. The purpose of this treatise is to explore the progression of the four phases of data, informing, knowledge and wisdom scale by using research information to be able to answer a pertinent clinical question in the acute care setting. With the design and application of electronic health record in the acute care setting, physicians are now able to make decision without relying too much on manually recorded data. Such changes, coupled with the available decision support systems have reduced the transcription errors in the processes while at the same time enhancing the overall quality of care offered (Carrington & Effken, 2011). In order to explore how the DIKW continuum is used in the acute care setting, this paper will rely on the research question shown below: According to Moreland,  Gallagher, Bena,  Morrison & Albert (2012), some hospitals are yet to incorporate eMAR in their processes. Errors during the medicine administration process are very common in hospitals and are considered to be among the main inhibitors to quality care. To reduce the errors that occur in the drug administration process, some hospitals rely on technology to improve the quality of the decisions made by the physicians. Stevenson & Nilsson (2012) state that the importance of electronic drug administration and drug issuance has not been well understood. Some care givers are not are not well versed with the benefits of eMAR. The commonly identified benefits of the process include reduced workload, ease of documentation, promotion of evidence based decisions and enhanced team work. Working with the DIKW continuum to answer the question on the application of electronic medication process in the acute care setting begins with the collection of relevant data on the issue.

Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industry - Essay Example Smarthand is a company that manufactures smart hand products that are mainly for university professors who engage in teaching practices in large lecture rooms. The product manufactured by the company is a multifunctional remote controlling glove that is bundled with a computer software. The software functions in such a way that it allows the person using it to give instructions using touch screen by the use of hand gestures and commands using figures. The smart hand product has a lot of promise to its users. The product promises the users to make controls to the screen of the computer at a far distance with the use of a Wi-Fi environment. Unlike other means of computer operating equipment such as clicker or mouse, the smart hand product offers several instructions that are customized in a more convenient manner. In summary, it can be said that smart hand product takes a total control of the university lecturer class in his or her palm. The company’s mission statement is to enable users to control computer and give customized instructions in the palm of the hand. SmartHand LCC will strive to accomplish the mission by focusing on four main objectives: provide users better experience in manipulating virtual space, improving convenience of use, developing new software features based on customization, and changing the way of teaching in a smart classroom. The product idea is based on designs from students from School of Information Studies and further improved by the management team at SmartHand LLC. The inventors designed the intelligence glove in order to develop a technology to manipulate objects in a virtual space. After consideration of the executive team from SmartHand LLC, the features of the glove is decided to focus more on educational use so that the product can be bundled with other teaching station technology to improve professors teaching experience. SmartHand is a multi-functional intelligence glove that allows using figure commands and hand gestures

Influence of alcohol on youths life Essay Example for Free

Influence of alcohol on youths life Essay Alcohol abuse among the youths has become a major concern in the recent past in various parts of the world. Alcohol is one of the most abused drugs with more than 60% of homesteads having access to alcohol. While in the past alcohol was not termed as a drug, today it is the leading cause of many deaths in the United States especially among the youths. Alcohol use and abuse by the youths has significant impact on their mental development and other health issues. Alcohol has been known to compromise the capability of a person to perform some of the normal tasks and also other complex tasks, the ability brain cells to retrieve information and it also slows information recording by the brain cells. Alcohol also has the effect of degrading coordination and slowing down reaction process. Apart from destroying the brain, alcohol abuse leads to other physical health problems as well as social and economic problems (Buddy, para 2). Currently, most youths drink due to peer influence or just to appear superior to their peers. Drinking has become a major problem in most colleges as more young people engage in alcohol drinking. In America for example, research has established that almost 50% of all students consume alcohol even before they reach their 8th grade (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), para 1). This trend continues as the students continue to 12th grade with the frequency at which alcohol increasing as students’ sets on adolescent and early adulthood. Some of the negative impacts associated with youth drinking include risky sexual activities, high risks to societies and individuals through road accidents and subsequent deaths, alcohol stimulated or induced brain damage, increased crime such as homicide, assaults and rapes all associated with alcohol, poor academic performance and poor general health of youths who take alcohol among other effects (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), para 1-2). This research paper will thus evaluate the various negative effects that alcohol abuse has on youths’ lives as well as their families and the society as a whole. Effects of alcohol abuse on youths As mentioned earlier, alcohol abuse is the leading cause of deaths in the United States as well as other parts of the world. Unlike in the past where terminal illnesses were ranked as the first killers in the world, today alcohol has been identified as the major killer around the world a scenario which has been attributed to the exposure of individuals to alcohol. Alcohol is one of the oldest drugs in the world. However, its abuse especially among the youths has increased in the recent past and its effects are felt across all nations (Felsted, pp 16). One of the major impacts of alcohol abuse on youth’s lives is that it interferes with the normal development process of the brains. Current research has established that brain development continues through the early twenties in a person. However, the pre-frontal cortex which is the part which is responsible for controlling cognitive ability and reasoning develops later in life as it takes a longer time to mature. Drinking in the early ages by a person (before the complete development and maturity of the brain) thus affects a person memory as it damages the region of the pre frontal cortex. Most of the youths who begin drinking do so at tender ages when their brain cells are still at the development stages. Brain cells develop when individuals are young and excessive drinking interferes with this development making young people more ineffective and unproductive. Research has established that most of the youths start drinking before the age of 16 (Barnes Brown, pp 45). During this period, it is the time when brain cells fully mature and intoxication with alcohol reduces or interferes with hormone release and functioning. Excessive use of alcohol reduces the capability of the brain to coordinate and integrate information thus interfering with good decision making process (Barnes Brown, pp 45). Academic degradation is another effect of alcohol abuse amongst the youths. As mentioned above, alcohol interferes with effective brain development as well as the ability of the brain to integrate and coordinate information to make meaningful translation of assimilated information. The ability of a person to comprehend and perform complex tasks and also to control impulses is controlled by the pre-frontal cortex which is destroyed by early age drinking. Alcohol abuse also slows down a person’s ability to be creative and make mature and meaningful decisions. Most of the youths who abuse alcohol are in their college levels or junior classes. Due to the negative impact alcohol abuse has on brain development and concentration capability, such youths end up performing poorly in their course work. Poor academic performance has various implications both in the short run and long run life of a youth. Mostly, students who perform poorly in class or course work end up getting poor grades which in turn forces the students to retake a course or a unit. Students who are forced to retake a course usually find it to be offensive and end up dropping out of school. This has further implications in their later life as it is difficult to find a descent job without good grades. Also, students who perform poorly in their academics are unlikely to find good jobs to support them and their families in the future. They thus end up with blue collar jobs which are not capable of supporting them financially in the long run (Buddy, para 4-6). Poor academic performance by youths and the subsequent loss of welfare has significant impact not only to the youths but also the communities in which they live in. Youths are the energetic and creative generation which is entitled to take up community development projects and to take care of the younger ones in their families in cases where parents are old or incapacitated. When youths are involved in alcohol abuse, they are unable to bring development in their communities thus affecting the overall development of these areas. Also, the government loses out as there are few youths to employ in more sophisticated careers thus end up importing professionals which can be costly. Alcohol has not only destroyed the future lives of youths but it has also destroyed the welfare of the families, societies and the overall economic growth of a country (Barnes Brown, pp 76). Another negative impact of alcohol abuse among the youths is that it leads to loss of jobs thus economic welfare. Alcohol is very addictive and once addicted; a person becomes alcohol dependence and cannot work effectively without it. Once in the blood stream, alcohol changes the normal functioning systems and makes it to become dependent on alcohol for functioning. Most of the young adults have lost some prestigious jobs due to alcohol addiction and abuse. Once fully addicted, a person cannot perform his or her duties and thus end up being retrenched or laid off from their work places. Loss of economic welfare renders a person incapable of feeding and taking care of his or her family leading to marital problems which may even lead to divorce or separation. Domestic violence associated with alcohol and drug abuse is the main reason given by most people while filing for a divorce. Alcoholics tend to become violent and unruly which have negative impacts on the children development. Most children who are brought up in families characterized by domestic violence tend to become reserved and perform poorly in class and they may even become violent later in their lives. Young married couples who abuse alcohol are more likely to raise unhealthy families and are even more likely to be violent and disorderly (NIAAA, para 5). Alcohol abuse among the youths also leads to increased crime and homicide cases. In America for example, over 36% cases of homicide which are reported are related to alcohol intoxication and abuse. 0% of these cases are reported to have been committed by young persons under the age of 25 years whose history verify excessive use of alcohol (Felsted, pp 22). Alcohol has different effects on adults and youths which make these two groups of individuals to behave different while under its effects. In adults, alcohol acts as a sedative which makes the adults to be more controlled even after they are totally drunk. On the contrary, alcohol acts as a stimulator for young people which make them to drink past the necessary or legal limits. Alcohol brings some kind of energy in young people which stimulates them to do things they would rather not do while sober. This explains why more homicide cases which are reported to be carried out by young people are linked to alcoholism. Other crimes which are commonly committed by young persons while under the influence of alcohol include rape cases, assaults and robberies. In America for example, over 45% of all rape cases are committed by young adults between the ages of 19 and 23 years while 44% of robberies and over 35% of assaults are all alcohol related. This is still the trend in most of the colleges where over 90% of all college rapes and violence are directly related to alcohol abuse. Most of the young persons who are imprisoned for homicide cases and rape cases attribute their actions to alcohol intoxication (Felsted, pp 25). Alcohol abuse amongst the youths is also an avenue through which most of the young persons are introduced to hard drugs such as cocaine, brown sugar, heroine and bhang. Young people are usually very eager and anxious to try out new things and love being adventurous. However, under the influence of alcohol, they become more vulnerable to be introduced to other dangerous drugs which are more fatal to their health as well as their lives. Under the influence of alcohol, young people are unable to make rational decisions which make it easy for them to fall prey of hard drugs abuse. Most of the young people who are today addicted to drugs say they were first introduced to such drugs during a drinking spree. Once introduced to such drugs, it becomes difficult to quit and even treat. Other health complications may arise which may not only be costly to treat but may lead to death. Drug addiction is hard to quit hence it can easily destroy the live of the youth (Barnes Brown, pp 109). Death is also another negative impact of alcohol on youths today. Alcohol intoxicates the mind making a person to act and behave irrationally. As already mentioned, youths are in their development stages and they are very energetic, curious and explorative. Unlike their counterpart adults, they tend to make decisions at impulse without thinking of the consequences that may accrue. Most of the youths who commit suicide are said to have prior being intoxicated with alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol is a leading cause of suicide cases which are reported around the world. Apart from suicide, most youths also meet their death while driving under the influence of alcohol. It is normal for the youths to explore and try out different things to satisfy their curiosity. Drinking is one of the means of doing this and at times they end up driving under this condition. This is dangerous as a person is not mentally and physically stable to drive which leads to major road accidents and deaths. Accidents caused by driving under the influence of alcohol are usually fatal and may cause further harm to other motorists and pedestrians as well. Families end up losing their children in such accidents all due to alcohol abuse. Another influence of alcohol on youths is that it leads to increased sexual activity amongst the youths which exposes them to dangers of contracting sexually transmitted diseases some of which may be terminal such as AIDS. Alcohol intoxicates a person and hinders rational thinking and decision making. Under the influence of alcohol, youths engage in sexual activities without reasoning or even taking precaution. This exposes or makes them vulnerable of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Currently, most of the persons living with HIV/AIDS virus are young people and they attribute it to alcohol and drug abuse. Such diseases are terminal and before a youth realizes he or she is infected, he can pass it over to others especially when drunk. Once infected with sexually transmitted diseases especially those which are terminal, a person feels worthless and may even become ill to an extent that he or she cannot work normally or may even commit suicide. Youths who are energetic, creative and future leaders and pillars of the world thus end up dying due to alcohol abuse (NIAAA, para 7). Alcohol also leads to poverty both for the youths and their families in that once a youth becomes infected with sexually transmitted diseases; their families are forced to cater for him which requires finances. Alcohol also has other health issues in the lives of youths. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and kidney failure problems. Such diseases require a lot of money to treat and usually lead to diversion of money from other family welfare issues. This may easily lead to family poverty thus further complications in family matters. Alcohol abuse among the youths also leads to stress among the family members as they try to help the addicted person. Apart from economic constraints in the family for medical care, excessive alcohol especially amongst the youths makes them to become unruly and disorderly. They may also become abusive both physically and emotionally and sometimes sexually. This may cause trauma in families and may even attract legal suits against the perpetrator. Most of the youths are incarcerated as a result of alcohol abuse. This is also costly to their families as well as the youths (Felsted, pp 43-46). Alcohol drinking by the youths also affects their reproductive and maturation systems. During puberty and adolescence, young people experience rapid growth and set the onset of maturity to adulthood. During this growth and development process, different hormones are released to aid in maturity of an individual and development of reproductive system. Alcohol destroys or tampers with the production of growth hormones thus slowing growth and development of productive organs, bones, and muscles. Excessive alcohol intake by youths especially in males can cause impotence or immaturity in development of sexual organs. Women who take excessive alcohol during their youth may also become infertile or develop other fertility complications in the future. This affects the future reproductive health of an individual as such people may become incapable of procreating. This is also a major reason for family breakups and divorces in the world (Barnes Brown, pp 116). Another heath effect of alcohol intake among the youths is that it lowers the immune system. Exposure to alcohol especially during the youthful years leads to suppression of the immune system of an individual making such a person vulnerable to illnesses and diseases. Chronic exposure to alcohol changes the pattern in which hormones are released in the body. Hormones are the ones which stimulate the immune system in the body and once they are altered, the immunity of a person is affected greatly. Low immune system exposes a person to various kinds of health risks and diseases such as liver damage (NIAAA, para 9). Alcohol abuse by youths affects their behavioral development. Usually, youths who are under the influence of alcohol tend to be rowdy and disorganized and pick fights with almost everybody even their parents and teachers. In colleges, such students’ education is terminated which may mean end of their careers and aspirations. Termination of education also means that they cannot get better paying jobs due to lack of proper school qualifications and certificates. Alcohol makes the youths behave in an immature and irresponsible manner despite where they are. Behaving irresponsibly also has legal implications on youths. Most of the rowdy youths who become a public nuisance are picked up by the authorities and may be taken to rehabilitation centers or juvenile courts. This delays their education and prolongs their time in school which in some instances can be humiliating especially when a student is schooling with younger students. Such students may end up dropping out of school which further decreases their chances of getting good jobs. Alcohol generally leads to poverty in the long run for the youths (Felsted, pp 67-68). Conclusion Youth drinking has become a major concern in most parts of the world due to the negative impact alcohol has had on the young generation. The youth comprise of over 30% of the total population and they comprise the future generational leaders. Alcohol has however changed some of the youths and corrupted their energetic and agile minds rendering such youths almost useless to the global economy. Alcohol abuse among the youths is the leading cause for their deaths, poor performance thus poor paying jobs for the youths, diversion of family financial resources to cater for huge medical bills associated with alcohol related ailments, diseases and rehabilitation costs. Effects of alcohol on youth’s awareness campaigns should be planned to ensure that the future generation is protected.

History of the Independance Movement :: Essays Papers

History of the Independance Movement One of the most important forces that governed the course of Cuba’s colonial history was the concept of racism. From the moment that Christopher Columbus ignored the presence of indigenous peoples, and claimed the island for Spain on his first voyage in 1492, to the day Carlos Manuel de Cà ©spedes began the first revolution to independence, there was a strong tradition of separation and objectification (Franklin 1,4). Diego Velà ¡zquez was appointed governor of Cuba in 1511 (Franklin, 1). He founded the first European settlement, Nuestra Senora de la Asuncià ³n de Baracoa, on the Northeastern coast of the island. The European settlement of the Nuestra Senora de la Asuncià ³n was established in the middle of a pre-existing indigenous settlement, from which it got the name Baracoa (La Rosa Corzo, 35). Similar situations occurred in many of the other original settlements, such as the town of San Salvador de Bayamo. Christian prefixes were added to the indigenous names of towns. Europeans settled the center of these villages and natives were moved to the outskirts (La Rosa Corzo). During the fist one hundred years of colonization, the Native American population was greatly reduced, and gradually replaced by African workers (36). However, the pattern of settlement remained a constant. In a 1605 census two per cent of the total population was considered Indian, and thirty-six percent were African slaves. Most of these Indians lived outside of major cities under the jurisdiction of their own tribal leaders (36). As the French, Dutch and British began their exploration of the Caribbean, Spain was encouraged expedite its settlement of its existing colonies. Rapid settlement, coupled with Charles III’s 1789 policy of free trade in African slavery, led to the development of plantations, and a slave society (Howard, 2). By the beginning of the nineteenth century the stage was set for Cuba to become the biggest sugar producer in the world. The previous leading producer, San Domingue had almost lost its hold on the sugar trade altogether, due to the revolution. The United States was newly independent form European rules and looking for new trade partners; there was an opening in the market.

A Review About HR Department Architecture Essay

At its petroleum,endowment direction( TM ) is a affair of expecting the demand for human and so puting out programs to run into it1 ( Cappelli, P. 2008 ) . In this short essay, I will be composing a response to the above proposition. Although the construct of TM late instigated in the current economic conditions, it is instead apparent that in most administrations where HR section fails to follow the rules and patterns of TM, it comes up short in footings of corporate public presentation when compared to a company that patterns TM( this impression is clearly supported in fig 1 with mention to appendix 2.0 ). NHS for illustration is presently at its early phase to implant TM. It has placed importance upon constructing an grasp upon planetary best pattern and orienting it for effectual application. The research conducted by hired institute of forces and development ( CIPD ) claimed that although, ‘It is recognised that while constructing a robust and systematic methodological analysis is critical in deriving ownership from stakeholders, the existent benefits will merely come through effecting cultural alteration evidenced in the acceptance of a endowment mentality † ( CIPD, 2006 ) .Refer to appendix 1 for full elaborate study. There are a scope of jobs company faces with work force direction. This include ; deficit of endowment, cleavage of work force, direction of hazard and uncertainness etc. With an effectual TM system, company can cut down these jobs. As antecedently stated, the most common response to TM is to expect no demands at all ; do no programs for turn toing them rendering the termendowment directionmeaningless. The 2nd most common exist amongst large companies. They rely onstructure-centricattack with complex and bureaucratic theoretical accounts which in the current epoch of volatile environment had failed due to inaccuracy and high cost. The new attack to TM takes into history the great uncertainness faced by concern in current Labour market ( Cappelli, P. 2008 ) . As such, my response will germinate around the best practices/new attack available to any administration to accomplish excellence in its endowment direction attack i.e. a suggested solutions to the HR crisis with respects to pull offing its work force. First, I am traveling to touch on therecruitment/developmentfacet of TM2. Recruiting was focused through assorted communicating channels such as classified adverts, college arrangement offices, internal occupation station systems etc. All of which created a job of penchant and geographical restriction. However, due to technological promotion, companies have been able to reach wider audience of endowments that meet its demands. An illustration is monster.com ( the taking supplier of online callings and recruitment resources committed to linking administrations with persons ) .3 Puting merely nevertheless, it is more cost effectual to develop and retain direction endowment than enrolling from external markets. Research at Ernst and immature estimated the mean cost of replacing at $ 1 million ( Atkins R. et Al. 2004 ) . As a consequence, companies should endeavor to develop and retain staffs instead than external recruits. Although most companies preponderantly smaller one time would reason that provided an employee had been trained, what is to maintain such employee from running to other companies with better offers? Well my reply to this would be there is no barrier forestalling employees from taking trades that will advance their calling waies. In fact surveies by the confer withing house Watson Wyatt reported that, people who are late trained decamp from the administration to do more efficient usage of those accomplishments ( Cappelli, P. 2008 ) . However, Peter Cappelli in his ‘new manner of believing about TM theoretical account ‘ tackles the hazard involved in developing employees to a grade of satisfaction. He developed what he calls aproposition kindred to just-in-time constructi.e. a talent-on-demand model. Within this model are four rules. Thebrand or purchase ruleclearly saying that, an optimum attack would be to utilize a combination of internal and external recruits. The challenge would be calculating out precisely how much of each to utilize. P. Cappelli recommended that administrations should purely remain off from utilizing long term prognosis as the volatile market renders it inaccurate. Rather, it should concentrate on short term demand for talent4.The 2nd rule claims that houses needed toadapt to uncertainness in Talent Demand ;one manner is to interrupt up development plans into shorter units instead than set direction trainees through a 3 twelvemonth functional plan. The 3rd rule is to better thereturn investing in developing employees ;one manner is to necessitate employees to portion in cost of development through voluntary hours i.e. hours spent on preparation will non increase employees payout. Employers have besides been more inclined with ways to cut down development cost by maintaining employees longer5 ( P. Cappelli, 2008 ) . The concluding rule requires houses tocontinue the investing by equilibrating employee-employer involvements.Possibly, the chief ground talented employees leave an administration is due to detecting better chances elsewhere. As such, the key to continue your investing in development is by equilibrating both parties involvement ; leting employees to portion in advancement determination is a good illustration as employees want chances for promotion and control over their career6 ( Peter Cappelli, 2008 ) . Other theoretical accounts such as L.A. Berger ‘s 3 chief TM procedures are besides really good for an admini stration to adopt7.A drumhead figure of this faculty can be found in appendix 2.2 followed by elaborate note explicating what it represents. I will now see the issue ofassessment and public presentation directionand its impact on TM.Endowment Reservoircan besides be used unalterably with TM as its aim is to construct a pool of high talented people capable of back uping administrations current and future concern demands ( Berger, L.A 2004:5 ) . Inside this reservoir are assorted talent appraisal tools ; one of which is public presentation assessment ( PA ) . PA exist to let appraisal for preparation demands, reappraisal past public presentations, set public presentation aims etc. The purpose of PA is to bring forth different type of assessment that will let single to see themselves as making the occupation better. There are assorted types of PA tools, two of which are ; 360 grade feedback and forced ranking. The latter will be touched upon inappendix 3. 360grade feedbackallows for what has been losing in modern twenty-four hours assessment ; the sentiment of co-workers and equals etc. 360 degree feedback allows for multiple angle of perceptual experience i.e. everybody working with a peculiar person in a house are required to give feedback on such single normally through a study. This theoretical account was developed farther into a 540 grade feedback by leting external bureaus into the image. PwC went excess lengths by developing its ain 720 grade theoretical account which involved household and friends in the assessment procedure as it believed single externals enterprises outside the companies knowledge can be best justified by household and friends. Although it is of import to follow a theoretical account of measuring endowments in a company, it is more of import to observe the cardinal characteristics of a good assessment which are ; relevancy ( should speak about your occupation ) , sensitive ( can distinguish different type of behavior ) , operable ( able to set into usage ) , dependability ( can be used to mensurate public presentation at given period ) etc. Both forced ranking and 360 degree feedback are non perfect theoretical accounts to use. They have been capable to critics in the yesteryear.Refer to appendix 3. Last, I will discourse wages in relation to TM. At the perpetrator of wages in an administration, wage construction should be designed to suit specific intents, it should be internally consistent, integrated with other HR procedures, governable and manageable, accepted as just and just and eventually it should be flexible. Benefits are an intrinsic portion of the value proposition that administrations offer new and bing employees. Research published by The Economist Showed ; â€Å" wages and employee benefits still rank highly extremely in planing a new value proposition for tomorrow ‘s work force ( 56 % & A ; gt ; , second merely to supplying a better work-life balance through offering flexible working agreements in footings of hours and topographic point of work ( 62 % ) . Structuring a flexible benefits programme so staff can choose the inducements that suit their life style is a cardinal arm in the armory of talent direction and the keeping of star employees. The ability to blend and fit benefits, from pension ‘s and child care, to vacation allowances and gym ranks, plays a cardinal function in pulling endowment. † ( Williams, D. 2008 ) . As mentioned in the development subdivision, it is of import for an administration to honor its gifted employees with actual and perpendicular motion within the house to let for keeping ( S. Rousseau, 2008 ) . Rivals in similar industries will be looking to get the best gifted persons from one another particularly in this current clime of planetary recession. Companies require gifted person to assist them stir farther off from insolvency. As such, retaining such single should be precedence in any company. To reason, talent direction is non merely nice to hold, it is critical to every administration. Talent direction is required to pull off keeping ratio. Effective TM will let for decreased enlisting cost on external endowments. The above prostration suggests how administration should work across the full spectrum of Talent Management. Traveling back to the inquiry, it is of import that talent direction should non be seen as merely an HR enterprise. HR function is to ease the direction of endowment and to move as managers and advisers to line directors. â€Å" HR executives and directors must work together to associate concern scheme with the endowment needed to put to death it † ( Atkins, R. et Al. 2004 ) .BibliographyAtkins, McCutcheon, Penna. ( 2004 ) : ‘The Talent Management Imperative: A Best Practice Approach ‘ , Available at www.compassess.biz [ Accessed 08 March 2009 ] . Berger, L.A. ( 2004 ) : The endowment direction enchiridion: making organisational excellence by placing, developing, and advancing your best people, London, McGraw-Hill. Cappelli, P. ( 2008 ) ‘Talent Management for the Twenty-first Century ‘ , Harvard Business Review, 86:3, 74-81. CIPD, ( 2006 ) : ‘Reflections on Talent Management ‘ , Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/F473B522-DD49-49E2-9021-59E0B2BDA288/0/reftalmanca0306.pdf [ Accessed 02 March 2009 ] . Edwards, E. ( 2008 ) ‘Why Are We Losing All Our Good People ‘ , Harvard Business Review, 86:6, 41-51. Frank, Fredric, Taylor, Craig. ( 2004 ) ‘Talent Management: Trends That Will Shape the Future ‘ , Human Resource Planning, 27:1, 33-41. Rousseau, S. ( 2008 ) : ‘Human Capital Management ‘ , Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.modernmedicine.com/modernmedicine/article/articleDetail.jsp? id=546970 [ Accessed 05 March 2009 ] . Williams, D. ( 2008 ) : ‘Flexible benefit can assist talent direction ‘ , Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.employeebenefits.co.uk/cgi-bin/item.cgi? id=7497 [ Accessed 08 March 2009 ] .AppendixForced Ranking:is a technique that requires that all the employees in a peculiar group are rated against each other and so ranked in order and so placed into 3 or 4 groups derived from a preset distribution map. The most common are the A, B, C participants e.g. A=20 % of work force, B=70 % , C=10 % . From a TM nomenclature we can mention to this as super-keepers 5 % , Keepers 15 % , solid citizens 70 % , and Poor performing artists 10 % . Argument in favor of forced ranking implies it free up administration by allowing off hapless performing artists which enable distinction in the administration e.g. if at top degree, an person is executing the worst, there could be better persons lower down the hierarchy to make full in and execute better. The bottom side nevertheless is, forced ranking is non legal as it fails to administrate one to one grounds and records. It can be nevertheless used to do superior determinations particularly in athleticss. 1. In its broadest sense, talent direction can be used to depict the designation, development, engagement/reflection, deployment of endowment within a specific organizational context ( CIPD, 2006 ) . 2. Research from DDI found that merely 1/3 of executives believed that their administration ‘s leading capablenesss look promising, while 82 % of companies reported holding a difficult clip happening qualified leader campaigners ( Atkins, R. et Al. 2004 ) . 3. â€Å" Monster.com, with 36percent of the worldwide web calling market, is the largest by far of the overplus of on-line calling web sites. In the 3rd one-fourth of 2003. Monster had 16.7million alone visitants who stayed an norm of 15.6 proceedingss. By September 2003 † ( Fredrick, D. et al. 2004 ) . 4. Leading corporations such as capital One and Dow Chemical ‘s have abandoned long-run endowment prognosiss and moved toward short term simulation ( Cappelli, P. 2008 ) . 5. About 20 % of U.S. employers ask employees who are about to subscribe a contract stipulating that if they leave the concern before certain clip, they have to pay back the cost ( Cappelli, P. 2008 ) . 6. A fictional instance affecting a company called Sambian Partners and its gifted employee Tom Forsythe ( who has been shortlisted for top public presentations by the executives ) saw Tom resigned for a better place with the arch challenger of the house. Several issue interviews were carried out in an effort to retain Tom but attempts were ineffectual. Tom left go forthing the direction to chew over on what went incorrect. One of the staff made a remark stating â€Å" I merely think he looked above him and realized he was traveling nowhere fast. No 1 on the executive squad is even close to retiring, and the org chart is top-heavy as it is. Where ‘s the calling way? † ( E. Edwards, et Al. 2008 ) . Possibly if Sambian Partners had considered the P. Cappelli theoretical account or other similar theoretical accounts, things could hold been different.

Death of Abraham Lincoln

As how Steve Jobs once said: â€Å"If you live each day as if it were your last, someday you’ll be right. †. The 16th president of the United States was assassinated without even being able to say goodbye for one last time before passing away. The second Friday of April, Abraham Lincoln was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth. Even though, he had have shot the president, he tried to escape and never thought of the possibility of getting caught by the authorities of the country. Back then he was the first American president to be assassinated. At the young age of 56, Abraham Lincoln had have been taken away from his life. The suicidal of Lincoln according to Wikipedia. com was a well-known actor and Confederate spy from Maryland; though he joined the Confederate army, he had contacts with Confederate secret service. He’d tried to kidnap him before but his plan failed because of changes to the president’s plans. It happened in the Presidential Box of Ford’s Theater in Washington, D. C. while according to historynet. com they were watching the comedy Our American Cousin . Around 10 p. m. , Booth slipped into the box– the guard outside had left his station , and Booth got past Charles Forbes, the White House footman, by showing him his card. The actor fired a single shot that entered the left side of Lincoln’s head, the bullet lodging below his eye. According to the book by Michael O’Neal The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Booth was a Southern sympathizer and pro-slavery advocate. When he heard Lincoln make a speech promising suffrage to the newly freed African-American population (right after the war ended) ,Booth swore that that would be Lincoln’s last speech ever. Booth considered Republicans (who were at the time anti-slavery party), like Lincoln, traitors to the Union. Later on John W. Booth was captured in a farm. President Lincoln died on April, 15 1865. On June 30, after a sensational six-week trial , the court found all of the defendants guilty as charged. Two of them were pardoned by President Johnson. One of them had fled to Europe, but was finally captured in Egypt, and tried in a civilian court. When the jury was unable to reach a verdict, his case was dismissed. On July 6, 1865, Paine, Herold, Atzerold, and Mary Surratt were informed of their sentences. Less than twenty-four hours later,on July 7, they were hanged in the yard f Washington Arsenal. The public’s thirts for quick and sure retributionwas quenched.

Attention Deficit Disorder

Attention Deficit Disorder For centuries children have been grounded, beaten, or even killed for ignoring the rules or not listening to what they're told. In the past it was thought these "bad" kids were the products of bad parenting, bad environment, or simply being stubborn, however it is now known that many of these children may have had Attention Deficit Disorder, or A. D. D., and could've been helped. A. D. D. is a syndrome that affects millions of children and adults in the United States and is a very frustrating and confusing syndrome that often goes undiagnosed.While there is no clear-cut definition of A. D. D., it's known that it's a genetic disorder that affects males more often than females, in a 3:1 ratio, and is marked by a classic triad of symptoms, which are impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity (Hallowell 6). There are two general types of A. D. D.,English: Ritalin (Australian packaging)the stereotypical, high-energy, hyperactive group, and the less known underactive ones that often d aydream and are never mentally present anywhere. Typically, people with A. D. D. are very likable and are usually very emphatic, intuitive, and compassionate, however they have very unstable moods that can range from an extreme high to an extreme low instantly, for no apparent reason. Usually, they procrastinate often and have trouble finishing projects, while conversely, they can hyperfocus at times and accomplish tasks more quickly and efficiently than a normal person could. Often they have short tempers and lack the impulse to stop themselves from blowing up over minor details (Hallowell 10).Although A. D. D. has just recently been discovered and there is still relatively little known about it, it has an interesting history. In 1902, George Frederic Still first thought that the dilemma of problem children was a biological defect inherited from an... Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Disorder Five year old Danny is in kindergarten. It is playtime and he hops from chair to chair, swinging his arms and legs restlessly, and then begins to fiddle with the light switches, turning the lights on and off again to everyone's annoyanceall the while talking nonstop. When his teacher encourages him to join a group of other children busy in the playroom, Danny interrupts a game that was already in progress and takes over, causing the other children to complain of his bossiness and drift away to other activities. Even when Danny has the toys to himself, he fidgets aimlessly with them and seems unable to entertain himself quietly. To many, this may seem like a problem; and it is. Danny most likely suffers from what is called Attention Deficit Disorder. Recent controversy has erupted as to whether Attention Deficit Disorder in fact deserves the title of "disorder." Some people, like Thomas Armstrong, a psychologist and educator, believe Attention Deficit Disorder is merely a myth; "...a dumping ground for a heterogeneous group of kids who are hyperactive or inattentive for a number of reasons including underlying anxiety, depression, and stresses in their families, schools , and in our culture." (Armstrong 15) However, he and those who question the validity of Attention Deficit Disorder are mistaken. Attention Deficit Disorder is in fact a disorder because it is recognized as such in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), it is treatable through prescription medication and therapy and if left untreated inhibits one from functioning properly in society. Before delving into the ways in which Attention Deficit Disorder matches the criteria established for what a disorder is, it is important to first understand the disorder and have some background information on it. The symptoms of Attention De...

Internet Marketing and Online Business Training Program

Internet Marketing and Online Business Training Program Internet Marketing and Online Business Training Program Internet Marketing and Online Business Training Program By Daniel Scocco No writing tip on this post, be warned. If you are interested in learning Internet marketing and in creating your own online business, though, read on. My name is Daniel Scocco, and I am the owner of Daily Writing Tips (most of you probably know this by now or so I hope!). Luckily for you guys, Maeve handles most of the post writing these days, so I just need to manage the administrative tasks on this blog. That is pretty much what I do full time. I create web properties and manage them. Sometimes I create blogs, other times websites that sell services, and other times yet I play with PPC (Pay-per-Click) and affiliate marketing. I have been working from home on the Internet for almost three years now, and I really cant see ever going back. I know that many of you also want to follow a similar path. Maybe you are tired of your 9 to 5 job. Maybe the economic crisis is putting some pressure on your banking account. The Internet is THE market place these days, and learning how to make money online is an aspiring idea right? How do you go about doing that though? Where do you start? Using what tools? It was thinking about those problems that I gathered some friends of mine to create an Online Marketing and Business training program, called Online Profits. The program is launching today, and it will stay open for new members only until the end of the week (Friday 16 is the last day to join). The Online Profits members will have access to: 21 training modules and 66 lessons Video tutorials Exclusive interviews and case studies Private Forum where you will get all your questions answered The Social Club to boost your social media traffic and exposure Exclusive tools and resources And here is what is covered on the 21 training modules (each of them has several lessons inside): Introduction and Business Principles Domain Names Setting Up Your Website WordPress Web Design for Entrepreneurs Business Models Choosing Your Niche Blogs Other Types of Websites Web Content and Copywriting Basic SEO Advanced SEO Generating Traffic Social Media Web Metrics Selling Advertising Email Marketing Affiliate Marketing PPC (Pay-per-Click) Landing Pages Selling Your Products Now to the key question: how much does it cost? The members joining on the first launch will be able to attend the training program for $48 monthly instead of the official price which is $98 monthly. The program has a duration of 6 months, and the training modules are added gradually over time to ensure that members wont be overloaded with too much information right after signing-up. If you are planning to get started with Internet marketing and with your online business in 2009, I am sure this training program will get you going on the right direction. Click here to check all the info and the sign-up page. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†The Parts of a Word45 Idioms with "Roll"

Personal experience in leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal experience in leadership - Essay Example paternalistic leaderships has various merits, combining transformational and transactional leadership styles dependent on the situation, offering better outcomes. I have always believed in achieving results efficiently and also that leadership is earned, it is not granted. In my past experiences, I have come across quite a few situations that tested my leadership skills and I believe that there were a lot of things that I could have done differently to make the situation or the outcomes relatively better. I have always found the quote of General George Patton quite overwhelming, â€Å"Lead me, follow me, or get out of my way†. The quote clearly states a desire to be lead, learn and be capable of influencing people; especially it focuses on getting the task done and overcoming the obstacles offered. There are various theories offered about leadership out of which situational leadership appears to be the most accurate one (Schermerhorn, 2001). Although leadership is an offshoot of the leader’s personality however situational factors cannot be ignored. Considering the audience, one may have an approach or attitude towards the situa tion in hand (Hersey, 1984). However, it is important to note that where leadership styles may vary according to circumstances, the main aura of leader’s personality remains relatively constant however for effective results, altering leadership style according to the situation may remain immensely helpful (Northouse, 2010). Through many online tests and self-assessment of my leadership style, I have come across the fact that my natural leadership style is of paternalistic nature (Erben & Gà ¼neÅŸer, 2008; Gerhardt, 2012). I find it more comfortable to develop strong relationships with my team, set clear objectives and provide enough time, effort and guidance to the team members in order to achieve the desired objectives. There are various instances in which I had a chance to

Marketing principles and practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing principles and practices - Essay Example These products or services can be reached to the consumer only through optimal marketing strategy. Although the consumer may buy the products through their hands, the crucial factor is only if the mind of the consumer is enticed by the product or services, the buying process will be initiated. The mind of the consumer only leads to particular behaviours from the consumer. As mentioned above, the key for successful marketing strategies is to first find out and corner in on the behaviours that will be exhibited by the prospective consumers before he/she makes the buying decision. Consumers’ behaviour during their buying decision process will be influenced by varied factors. That is, he/she make the buying decision based on factors like necessity for a particular product or service, next comfort or even as part of their living, etc. While coming up with that decision, particular thoughts about the products or services will percolate in the consumer’s mind, pushing them to make that buying decision. This supposed ‘seeding’ and percolation of thoughts in the consumer’s mind has to be guessed, analyzed and understood by the marketers to come up with apt marketing strategies. So, this paper will discuss why it is important for marketers to understand the consumer decision making process including influences on consumer behaviour and their marketing implications. According to consumer behaviour theory, a consumer, while carrying out the decision making process, will be mainly influenced by his/her choice of product and then by budget constraints, which can be further classified into 4 factors - Rational behaviour, Preferences, Budget constraints and Prices. A consumer is will exhibit rational behaviour when he/she use their money to get heightened state of satisfaction, and/or utility from that purchasing decision. â€Å"Consumers want to get "the most for their money" or, to maximize their total utility.† (welkerswikinomics.wetpaint.com). Thus, it

Teaching Standard English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Standard English - Essay Example The essay is meant for a general audience but it brings up several issues that specifically appear to be addressed to language teachers in America. Christensen explains that the stigma experienced by children brought up in backgrounds not advocating Standard English throughout their school life and beyond negatively impacts on their self-esteem. Using the example of Fred, one of her students, she discusses the fear resulting from societal expectations and the criticisms that sometimes scare learners into not writing at all, rather than risk doing so and end up making errors. Fred has trouble learning because he is too scared to write and when he finally does; his creativity is severely hindered by his obsession with writing the â€Å"correct† English rather than expressing himself. (Christensen 36). Through this case study, the writer is successful in appealing to the audience’s sympathy by depicting Fred as a victim of the societal expectations that are beyond his cont rol. By presenting her argument alongside Fred’s case, she is likely to convince an objective audience of the error of putting too much emphasis on the structure parts of the language as opposed to the functions. Bringing about social change, as she is evidently trying to do with her essay is a complicated affair that requires that one not only creates a rapport with their audience but also convinces them to step outside their previous assumptions and bias about a subject. However by initiating and emotional presenting Fred as a victim and showing his emotional challenge in an objective manner, she forces the reader to open their mind, acknowledge and confront the reality of the underlying problem. She breaks down the whole issue and brings it to a personal level showing the audience that if it can happen to Fred it can happen to any of them or even their children etc. Christensen emphasizes the need for English teachers to be careful when it comes to correcting their student ’s mistakes since the manner in which they do it could negatively impact on their learning process. She mentions how a teacher can learn a lot about their learner’s lives by encouraging them to express themselves through writing, if teachers understood the importance of assisting the students in such expression they will be more conscious of their approaches and pursue learner centred as opposed to language centred teaching methods. For example, students who have been sexually abused could be hiding behind their problems and failing to express or report them; however, given chance to write without being judged based on grammar, teachers can learn their problem and advise them on the appropriate actions they should take. She concludes with an assertion that while it is important for students to learn standard English, they also need to understand why they are learning it, and they should not do it to avoid criticisms, but rather because they want to (Christensen 36). Te aching the rules of Standard English without imparting the need to reflect on them is only likely to force the students to comply out a need to conform rather than the intrinsic desire to learn. At the end of the day, she convinces he reader that the focus of education is in the learners personal and academic development, therefore teachers should ensure they use the educational opportunity assist

International Civil Aviation Organisation Icao Engineering Essay

International Civil Aviation Organisation Icao Engineering Essay The term aviation means the art or science of flying. In the earlier centuries, developments in the field of aviation technology were minimal. In fact, after the 1900s, the developments in aviation technology took a new turn and dimension. As a result of this, each new phase in aviation development was rather short-lived as inventions lined up rapidly and created newer phases. In India, the aviation industry is rapidly growing with the private airlines owning more than 75 percent of the domestic market. Aviation Laws A conference was held at Chicago (Chicago Convention) in 1944 with 54 nations participating in it. The main objective of this conference was to make arrangements for the immediate establishment of provisional world air routes. This convention established the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), a specialised agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. Due to the nature of travel, an aviation law is considered as a matter of international law. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rules the applied aspects of the flight. Whereas in the international domain it is the ICAO that provides general rules regarding the aviation law. The basic principles of the international air law are: Territorial sovereignty: Every State has the right to permit or deny entry into its territory. It also has the rights to control all the movements within the territory. National airspace: The territory of a sovereign State is three dimensional. It includes the airspace above its national lands, its internal and territorial waters. Freedom of the seas: It is free to navigate on the surface of the high seas. Nationality of aircraft: Aircraft have the characteristic of nationality. Articles The Chicago Conventions contain many articles that state the various rules and regulations. Some of them are: Article 1: Every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over airspace above its territory. International Civil Aviation Organisation ICAO ICAO nurtures the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. It adopts standards and practices regarding: Air navigation Infrastructure Flight inspection Prevention of illegal interference Assistance of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation The main objective of ICAO is to regulate civil aviation matters throughout the world. It includes nationality registration of aircraft, documentation certification, standardisation of procedures, financial, technical and statistical services and lastly the freedoms of the air. The ICAO functions through 18 annexes covering different areas in the International Air transport business. Annex 1 Personnel Licensing This annex provides standards and recommended practices for the licensing of flight crew members such as pilots, flight navigators and flight engineers. It also provides standards for air traffic controllers, aeronautical station operators, maintenance technicians and flight dispatchers. Annex 2 Rules of the Air A set of internally agreed rules of air makes air travel safe and efficient. This annex contains visual flight rules (VFR) and instrument flight rules (IFR) developed by ICAO. These rules can be applied without exception over the high seas and national territories to the extent that they do not conflict with the rules of the State being overflown. The aircraft pilot is responsible for compliance with these rules. Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation While flying pilots need to be regularly updated about the meteorological conditions. This annex outlines the meteorological services in order to contribute safety, efficiency and regularity of air navigation. This is achieved by providing necessary meteorological information to operators, flight crew members, air traffic services units, search and rescue units, airport management and others concerned with aviation. Close liaison is essential between those supplying meteorological information and those using it. Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts Maps or charts play an important role in the field of aviation. Charts are used as a navigational aid for the safe performance of air operations. The aeronautical charts provide a convenient medium for supplying this information in a manageable, condensed and coordinated manner. Annex 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations This annex speaks about the units used in communication between the aircraft and the ground stations. It contains an ICAO table of units essentially based on the metric system. It also contains four additional interim tables of units for use by those States unable to use the primary table. Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft To ensure highest levels of safety and efficiency in international air transport all the operations should be standardised. The purpose of this annex is to provide criteria for safe operating practices in order to have safe international air navigation. It also encourages ICAOs contracting states to facilitate the passage over their territories of commercial aircraft belonging to other countries that operate in conformity with these criteria. Annex 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks This annex deals with an aircrafts nationality and registration marks. It also classifies aircraft based on for how long they can maintain sustained flight in the air. Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft An aircraft should be designed, constructed and operated keeping in mind the requirements of the State of Registry of the aircraft. Every aircraft fit to fly is issued with a Certificate of Airworthiness. This annex contains standards for the recognition by States of Certificates of Airworthiness for the purpose of flight of aircraft of other States into and over their territories thereby achieving, among other things, protection of other aircraft, third parties and property. Annex 9 Facilitation The Chicago Convention derives several provisions for the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) on Facilitation (FAL). Annex 9 specifies methods and procedures for carrying out clearance operations in such a manner as to meet the twin objectives of effective compliance with the laws of States and productivity for the operators, airports and government inspection agencies involved. It provides reference for planners and managers of international airport operations, describing maximum limits on obligations of industry and minimum facilities to be provided by governments. Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications This annex covers the aeronautical communications, navigation and surveillance elements of International Civil Aviation. Annex 11 Air Traffic Services This annex defines the air traffic services and specifies the worldwide standards and recommended practices applicable in the provision of these services. Annex 12 Search and Rescue This Annex provides a set of internationally agreed Standards and Recommended Practices to rapidly locate and rescue survivors of aircraft accidents. Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation Detection of the cause of an aircraft accident or serious incident is a must in order to prevent repeated occurrences. A properly conducted investigation helps to identify the causal factor. This annex states that the main objective of the investigation of an accident or incident is prevention. It provides international requirements for the investigation of aircraft accidents and incidents, which are written in a simple format so that it can be understood by all participants in an investigation. Annex 14 Aerodromes This annex extends from planning of airports and helicopters to details of switch-over times for secondary power supply; from civil engineering to illumination engineering; from provision of sophisticated rescue and fire fighting equipment to simple requirements for keeping airports clear of birds. The impact of these numerous subjects on the annex is compounded by the rapidly changing industry which airports must support. This annex changes rapidly due to the introduction of new aircraft models, increased aircraft operations, operations in lower visibilities and technological advances in airport equipment. Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services The Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) plays an important role in supporting the International Civil Aviation. The main objective of the AIS is to ensure the flow of information necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. This annex defines how an aeronautical information service shall receive and/or originate, collate or assemble, edit, format, publish/store and distribute specified aeronautical information/data. The goal is to satisfy the need for uniformity and consistency in the provision of aeronautical information/data that is required for the operational use by international civil aviation. Annex 16 Environmental Protection This annex deals with the protection of the environment from the effect of aircraft noise and aircraft engine emission. Annex 17 Security This annex speaks about the ICAO civil aviation security programme and seeks to safeguard civil aviation and its facilities against acts of unlawful interference. The annex is primarily concerned with the administrative and coordination aspects, as well as with technical measures for the protection of the security of international air transport. It also seeks to coordinate the activities of those involved in security programmes. Annex 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air This annex specifies the standards and recommended practices to be followed for the transportation of dangerous goods. Dangerous cargo that may be explosive, corrosive, flammable, toxic and even radioactive is transported world wide for a variety of industrial, commercial, medical and research requirements and processes. ICAO recognises the importance of this type of cargo and has taken steps to ensure that such cargo is carried safely.

Lesson Plan Background: Pollution and Global Climate Change Essay exam

Lesson Plan Background: Pollution and Global Climate Change Introduction: This lesson about pollution focuses on greenhouse gases. Students will learn about greenhouse gases and how they affect ecosystems. The students will understand the greenhouse affect and how their actions relate increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. In the lesson, students will define the properties of an ecosystem, learn to identify the ecosystems they live in and how they interact within an ecosystem. The students will be able to apply what they learned on a local and global level. The students will be assessed for understanding throughout the lesson as well as at the conclusion of the lesson through activities and discussion. Because the concepts presented are complicated for 4th – 5th grade students, the lesson requires the teacher to continually check for understanding. More detail on the assessments is provided in the â€Å"Assessment† section. This lesson also develops skills that should help the students meet Colorado State standards. These skills reach the sciences as well as language arts and extend across many specific standards such as reasoning and articulating ideas. The students are encouraged to express ideas and interact with each other through discussion and small group activities while reasoning through challenging concepts. This allows the teacher to engage the students and also allows the students to become more comfortable expressing ideas. The students are also expected to propose actions to reduce pollution at the end of the lesson which allows them to think independently and to feel that they can be leaders and effect change. The first building block of the lesson is to... ...n make a pledge to act on the proposals. The students should realize through this that they can be leaders in effecting change and that they can make a difference. Works Cited Cohen, Jordan, and Nick Hopwood. "Greenhouse Gases and Society." University of Michigan. 26 Sept. 2006 . â€Å"CSI: Climate Status Investigations.† The Keystone Center. 26 Sept. 2006. http://www.keystonecurriculum.org/middleschool/too_cool_for_school.html#top â€Å"Global Warming.† Encarta Encyclopedia. MSN Encarta. 27 Sept. 2006. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567022/Global_Warming.html â€Å"Climatic Variation in Earth History.† Class handout. â€Å"Ecosystem.† Encarta Dictionary. MSN Encarta. 26 Sept. 2006. http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/Ecosystem.html